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Theme 1: Information and Communication Technologies

Information and Communication Technologies are a set of technologies developed to manage and send information from one place to another. They cover a wide range of proposals and solutions by including technologies to store information and retrieve it later, send and receive information from one place to another, or process information to calculate and report results. The Information and Communication Technologies have transformed the way we work and manage resources. ICTs are a key element in making work more productive by accelerating communications, supporting teamwork, managing inventories, performing financial analysis, and promoting products in the market. Big data, cloud computing, mobility, omnichaneling, Internet of things, 3D printing and NFC as means of payment, are seven trends that are now being integrated in the world and which transition to these new technologies is getting closer. Within these trends that will have a great social and industrial impact there is shown a picture where they will advance from integration to consolidation, where the number of connected users will increase leading to the management of higher levels of information thus generating more employments of this kind; additionally, payment forms will change, opening the path for new markets. There is a close relation associated to competitiveness and the use and development of ICTs, at country level this relation is of positive significance for economies. The ICT industry sums more added-value to their solutions through the understanding of the businesses of their customers, and by taking advantage of the opportunities that the most innovative technologies are opening. Middle income economies such as Mexico, are typically found in dynamic growth, to the extent of closing the gap with developed nations, so that a comprehensive policy of development to promote competitiveness with ICTs is needed. The exporting companies of electronics and ICTs, as well as the rest of the advanced manufacturing exporters are, at the same time, a local market for software and services Mexican SMEs and the ideal channel for acting in the international market. The success in providing solutions to local exporters launches Mexican SMEs of software and services with their customer counterparts in other countries. The world average growth in the sector is of 5.9%; from the 10 leader countries, eight are European. The rest are both in the Asia-Pacific region, being the Republic of Korea on the first place and Japan in the eighth. The first five countries have not shifted positions by 2012, the only new entry in the top ten is the UK, which in 2012 rose from 14th to 9th place. In Latin America, the Brazilian market accounts about half the businesses in the sector, with a participation of nearly three times the one of Mexico. By 2012, Mexico showed a growth of 11.90% in the year, and to a lesser extent with 1.8% in 2014 same that is estimated in 2015 will reach a 2.7% to keep in constant growth. The number of economic units in Mexico was of 3.8 million from which businesses associated with the ICT industry represented a 1.1%, that will continue augmenting. Therefore, the ICT industry is made of companies larger than the average since it signifies more than 3% of national employment. Finally ICTs greatly influence the environment, from communications to business management and process implementation in the industry. They amplify our mental and physical capacities as well as the possibilities of social development. ICTs contribute with the surging of new values, causing continuous transformations in economic, social and cultural structures. They are a great asset since they provide easy access to a considerable source of information, a fast and reliable process, immediate communication channels and interaction.

Theme 2. Electronic, Robotic, Mechatronic, Automotive and Aerospace

Automotive Sector

The automotive industry is one of the most important in México. This has become evident due to the constant growth of indicators such as the total production, gross added value, direct foreign inversion, generated employment, and participation in the GDP. This industry is integrated by two sectors: terminal and auto parts.

In the automotive sector, México is the eighth producer of light vehicles and the seventh of heavy vehicles worldwide. This industry generates more than 62 thousand jobs and around 5% of the national GDP. This sector generates a production with a value of over 1, 300,000 million USD, producing a total of 82.5 million units. It is expected that the automotive sector will continue growing at a rate of 8.5% annually, until reaching a value of 1, 701,600 million USD at 2021.

Currently Mexico has generated a change, transforming itself from a country exporter of simple manufactures to a creator of innovation in the automotive sector. Proof of this are the more than 30 centres of automotive design existing in the country. These centres cover a wide range of challenges and opportunities at technological and innovative level, among these can be found:

• Reduction of pollutant emissions in motors
• Design of prototypes and new products
• Development of new materials
• Design and integration of systems and modules for assemblers and the manufacturing industry
• Development of mathematic simulation models.
• Electronic systems research and development.

Aerospace sector Mexico is currently consolidated as one of the leaders in the Aerospace sector. In the past nine years an average annual growth of 9% has been registered at the sector. These companies employ more than 32 thousand high-value professionals. In this sense, five States of the country, catalogue the Aerospace industry as a strategic sector, according to the National Institution of the Entrepreneur (INADEM).

There are almost 300 entities and enterprises of this sector in the country, most of them have the NADCAP (National Aerospace and Defense Contractors Accreditation Program) certification and AS9100. Currently México generates exports in this sector with a value of 5,463 million USD, this cipher is expected to reach 12,267 million USD by 2021, experiencing an average annual growth rate of 14%.

The analysis of global trends of the aerospace and defence sector allow to obtain strategic information to determine the most important niche markets. This leads to the identification of some of the topics with more opportunities of innovation and development in Mexico:

•  Motors and turbines
• Alternative fuels
• New materials: cleaner, lighter and noiseless aircrafts
• Technologies of dual and restricted use
• Drones

In this context México has an important network of research centres that give support to the industrial sectors in which the aerospace plays a relevant position. This network of laboratories and centres is formed by a number of Centres (shown next); all of them have a wide cover that includes the main aerospace clusters of the country:

• Centro de Ingeniería y Desarrollo Industrial (CIDESI)
• Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, S.C. (CIDETEQ)
• Centro de Tecnología Avanzada (CIATEQ)
• Centro Nacional de Metrología (CENAM)
• Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav)
• Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV); among others

Electronic Sector

Mexico is well positioned at world level as an assembler and exporter country of electronic products. Some of the principal businesses of the sector as Samsung, LG, Toshiba, Foxconn, Flextronics and Intel have presence in the country. Mexico is competitive especially in the subsector of consumption electronics, positioning between the great exporters at global scale in some electronics products such as flat TVs, computers and cell phones.

It is estimated that in 2013, the production value of the electronics sector in Mexico was of 61.771 million dollars and a real Compound Annual Growth Rate of 5.1% is forecasted for the period 2013-2020. In the same year the electronics industry accounted for 24% of non-oil exports of the country. Furthermore it is estimated that the domestic consumption of electronics in 2013 was of 69,957 million dollars and a real CAGR of 5.9% is forecasted for the period 2013-2020. Exports in the sector reached a total of 75,393 million dollars. U.S.A. was the main destination of exports accounting for 84%, followed by Canada, Colombia and the Netherlands.

Mexico has a specialized industry in the manufacture of electronic products, mainly, consumer goods (televisions, cell phones and computers). However, domestic enterprises engaged with the design and/or manufacture of electronic components, are very rare, so the demand is not properly fulfilled. In a study of the demand of the necessary components for the manufacture of televisions by ProMéxico, it was determined that about 97% of the components are imported and most of them are active electronic components, such as electronic integrated circuits and diodes, transistors and other similar semiconductors . This leads to identify some of the topics with greater opportunities of innovation and development in México:

• Development of active electronic components
• Development of power electronic components
• Innovation in micro and nano semiconductors

Mechatronic y Robotic

The mechatronic and robotic engineering have generated a broad impact on the electronic, automotive and aerospace sectors, being the most notorious in the country the impact on the automotive industry however its importance in the aerospace sector keeps gaining strength. These disciplines allowed the increase on the degree of automation of plants and assemblers of these sectors, enabling the concept of flexible manufacturing and advanced manufacturing.

The main areas of opportunity and research for mechatronic in Mexico emerge from its applications on the electronic, automotive and aerospace industries, mainly in the area of flexible and intelligent manufacturing cells capable of adapting to errors and failures; as well as its integration with other advanced manufacturing control systems. The key areas of robotics are also closely related to mechatronic, also is included the implementation of advanced computer vision systems and development and marketing of mobile autonomous robots either aerial (UAV), submarine or terrestrial.

Theme 3. Health Sciences

Health sciences are a multidisciplinary field that combines actively bio-medical, psycho-social, organizational and social aspects of health, disease and health care. It also focuses in the design and evaluation of inventions in medical technology, behavior and organization, as well as the application of that knowledge to improve the health and attention to the patients, improving with this the life quality. This field of science includes disciplines as medicine, odontology, nursery, nutrition and epidemiology

Because of that, heath science research has a high value in society, since it can provide important information about disease trends and risk factors, novel treatments and public health care, functional abilities, attention models and medical care costs.

There are several global trends in health science, such as the construction of novel devices and innovative sensors that could not only collect the patient health state data, but that the significant information goes to a platform where a health professional can see it, thus revolutionizing the current medical technology.

In the other hand, the development of immunotherapies to replace conventional treatments for cancer has been one of the most important investigation lines of medical biotechnology in the last years, since the use of the patient immunologic system as treatment can lead to long-term clinic responses and decrease the adverse effects of other therapies because it only attacks to target cells. Recent clinical studies demonstrated that the use of antibodies to inhibit the CTLA4 and PD-1 receptors in immunological system cells (that brake their action against cancer cells) can generate unprecedented positive responses in lung cancer and melanoma.

Another trend in health sciences is the application of CRISPRs (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats), gene-editing systems that have the potential to revolutionize from diseases treatments to plants biology. This technique involves the programming of a RNA guide molecule to target a section of defective DNA and replace it with a suitable one. This method is simple, economic, with high accuracy and can reversibly suppress the expression of multiple target genes in human cells with 99.9% efficiency.

Development of new treatments to control the human microbiome is another of the most interesting research lines in current medicine, due to the relationship between its composition and health of individuals. Investigation in recent years have demonstrated that the presence of pets in home can alter the intestine microbiome, to modulate the immune system for lowering risk of asthma and respiratory infections.

Due to the importance of health sciences, world investment is around $5,000 million USD focusing on clinic research, where Mexico is the number 22 in world ranking, with an investment of $160 million USD. However, it is expected to reach position 13th in a few years, meaning an investment of 500 million USD, which would generate an economic impact of three billion dollars in the country, since for every dollar invested in medical research, $ 6 of economic impact are obtained.

Health sector is one of the most important economic activities in the country, because of its constant growth. The production of this sector includes goods and services generated by the economic activities related with prevention, care and treatment of human health, including institutions with the power to regulate and manage such activities.

In 2013, the Gross Domestic Product of the health sector was 910,850 million pesos, which represented the 5.7% of the national GDP (market prices). Internally, this sector accounted for 4.5% of the total GDP, and the value of unpaid work aimed at healthcare contributed the remaining 1.2%. During that year, the total supply of goods and services in the health sector showed a raise of 2.4%, with a notable growth in the registered value of goods imports for healthcare with 5%.

Another important factor about the health sector in Mexico is the high expenditure on the same, which mainly depends of: a) the increase of life expectancy and a higher average age of population ; b) the epidemiology transition to chronic diseases that are more expensive to treat; c) growth rate of medical costs, independently of the treated illness. It is expected that life expectancy will continue growing in the medium term, which will cause a raise in medical costs. Mexican life expectancy in 2013 was 74.5 years, according with the CONAPO, same that in 2020 is estimated to be 75.5 years.

It is complex quantify the increase in health costs associated with the epidemiological transition from predominantly infectious illnesses (and of low costs) to chronic, degenerative or costly ones, like diabetes, Alzheimer or cancer. Notwithstanding, it is necessary to consider that this will entail a higher costs in the future of the health sector.

The main drivers of growth in the world sector of health science include the aging population, the rise of chronic diseases incidence, the innovation of products as well as technological advances; along with some anticipated impacts of reform dispositions in health matter that include augmentation of government funds and insurance coverage.

Nonetheless, worldwide countries have four major challenges or opportunities: navigate in health reforms, the development of innovation and value creation, as well as the compliance with normatives and regulatory changes. An important task for science health companies is to productively transform the innovations in commercial products.

Many innovations require of something beyond small chemical molecules or large ones based on traditional biology, they precise experience in a number of scientific disciplines. Furthermore, to the date there is a wide spectrum of medical technologies that are incorporating in the health sector, both national and global, as solutions to improve and increase their services.

Electronic medical records and telemedicine are new technologies that have been partially and slowly implemented to support the prevention processes, diagnosis, treatment, monitoring and tracking of various diseases. It is necessary to promote the use of ITCs in the health sector in Mexico, since it is estimated a technological gap at this point of between 15 and 20 years. There are shortages of specialists in the use of new technologies, such as in the field of medical imaging. The use of these technologies will also be increased for monitoring patients, through smart chips or sensors.

Consequently, there is a considerable multidisciplinary activity that occurs around innovation in health sciences, the previous requires collaboration and cooperation, characteristics of new business models of share risk. Each time there are more large and small companies, nationals and internationals, are participating in joint ventures, alliances and acquisitions to fulfill with their activities of R&D and the objectives of their product portfolio.

Theme 4: Food Technology

The main risks associated with food production are the agricultural practices and inadequate manufacturing practices, chemical usage, contamination of the packaging, among others. Due to the scarcity of food in the world, the interest in the field of food science and technology has increased recently.

Food technology is the science that ensures the microbiological, physical and chemical quality of food products at all stages of the production process, meaning, processing, packaging and shipping. Nowadays, there are certifications that guarantee quality throughout the supply chain, from primary production to transportation and distribution. Modification of certain foods in order to extend the shelf or useful life without suffering alterations that could affect human health or to add value to the product and satisfy new consumption needs by conserving its organoleptic properties for longer, has become a necessity.

The importance of the Mexican food industry has increased during the last decades; its growth is based on its productive capacity, generation of high value-added foods, availability of specialized workforce and sufficient supply of raw materials. In addition, there is great potential of exportable offer in the sector, food technology industry has competitive manufacturing costs, and finally the size of the domestic market is attractive to foreign companies looking to locate operations in Mexico. In 2013 foreign direct investment in the food industry was worth almost 188 billion dollars.

According to ciphers from the Ministry of Economy, in Mexico there are over 30,000 companies involved in food production including large national and foreign manufacturing enterprises, as well as SMEs (small and medium enterprises) working at local or regional level. At national level, food production in the country represents 23% of manufacturing GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and generates more than 790,000 jobs.

Investment in technology within the food industry has increased as well as the automation of production processes, which has allowed this investment to be one of the most significant for the economy in terms of output and employment. There are a number of problems and opportunities in the short and medium term that must be faced by the industry, such as the impact of climate change, scarcity of natural resources, food security, increase of world population and protectionist measures.

An opportunity for innovation in the food technology industry has been, in recent decades, the use of biotechnological tools to modify or produce new foods with better nutritional and / or sensorial properties.

Some areas of technological opportunity and innovation in the national and international food industry are:

• Functional foods, probiotics and prebiotics; which offer additional health benefits.
• Organic foods; organic production based on an integrated management system.
• Genetically modified foods; made with genetically modified organisms which confer new properties to the food (pest resistance, herbicide resistance, production of substances of nutritional, organoleptic or pharmacological interest, etc.)
• Packaging Technologies; new technologies that maintain the quality and functionality for longer, application of nanotechnology, biodegradable polymers, edible covers, high-barrier plastics, among others.
• Food security: development of innovative technologies to ensure the safety of food; some of them are: microwave pasteurization, spectral vision and chemical imaging, UV light, Thermography, real time PCR, micro-encapsulation and high pressure CO2 with ultrasound.

Theme 5: Biotechnology

Biotechnology is positioned to be one of the dominant technologies during the next 50 years. The key regions for the global biotechnology industry are the United States, Europe, Canada and Australia. There are approximately 600 companies generating about 170 thousand employments in these countries generating a profit of around 90 billion U.S. dollars.

One of the main research lines of biotechnology is the biopharmaceutical which develops the pharmaceutics for cancer treatment; it is expected that by 2016 the revenues generated for the selling of this bioproducts will exceed the 200 billion dollars. Currently, Amgen, located in Thousand Oaks (California), is the biggest company with a properly biotechnological base at global level. In 2012 this company generated more than 17 billion dollars in revenues.

Biotechnology is also extensively used in agriculture, mostly in the area of genetically modifying crops with the aim of making them more resistant or to augment its production. Despite being a widely debated topic by the worldwide community, only in the U.S.A, 76% of corn crops are genetically modified. The main companies in the Genetically Modified (GM) sector are Monsanto, Syngenta and Bayer CropScience.

On the other hand the synthetic biotechnology represents an emerging market, which is expected to generate 10.8 billion dollars mainly in the United States. This branch of biotechnology is in charge of the design and construction of new biological parts, devices and systems, as well as the re-design of the natural biological systems with useful purposes, it explores the richness of biological diversity to solve problems of the real world to humanity and the planet; personalized medicines, molecules rich in energy for industrial usage or as sustainable fuels, remediation of contaminated environments and the food supply to satisfy the exponential growth of the population.

Biotechnology in Mexico.

Four strategic regions for the development of biological sciences are identified in Mexico: Guanajuato, Jalisco, Morelos and Nuevo Leon with clusters of clinic investigations and some others related to research in the specific area of pharmaceutics manufacture. For instance, the emergency contraceptive pill had its roots in Mexico, and currently the treatment for scorpion bite is fully developed in Mexico and is approved by the FDA for its sell in the U.S.A. The product: Centruroides (Scorpion) Immune F(ab)2 Intravenous, commercially known as Anascorp®, was developed by the biotechnology institute of the Universidad Autónoma de México (UNAM) and it is being manufactured by the laboratory Instituto Bioclon.

The number of research centres has increased, particularly in the four regions previously mentioned because of the raise on the number of patients, clinic tests and advanced manufacture, major infrastructure and the expansion of incubators with new and updated standard.

A new indicator is that FDA certificates have increased in Mexico, which reveals a growth on the highly qualified personal in the region. The appearance of new firms of biomedical instruments in Baja California is the result of the intense activities of promotion at state and local level for the economic developers.

There is a positive trend in education related with biological sciences in Mexico. The National System of Investigators (SNI-in Spanish-) shows that a number of researchers that are registered in the areas of health, biotechnology and agricultural sciences have increased in the last two decades, which goes hand in hand with the rise in the scientific publications in the biological sciences areas.

Theme 6: Renewable Energies, Natural Resources, Environment and Sustainability

Nowadays the consumption of energy in the world is of 10 Tera Watts (TW) per year, and it is expected that by 2050 the consumption will increase to 30 TW. In this context the world will need approximately of 20 TW, which may increase CO2 emissions, the simpler way to reduce CO2 is with the usage of renewable energies for electricity (10TW), hydrogen for transportation (10TW) and fossil oils for residential and industrial heating (10 TW).

The sources of renewable energies have continued rising in 2013, reaching a record of 2.7% of consumption of world energy, above the 0.8% from the last decade. The renewable energy used in the generation of energy grew a 16.3% and represented a record of 5.3% of global energy generation. China registered the biggest growth in renewable energies, followed by the U.S.A, while the growth in Europe which main actors are Germany, Spain and Italy were below the world wide average, wind energy had again a growth of 20.7%, it represented more than half of the growth of the renewable energies generation and energy generation coming from the sun grew even more rapidly 33%, but starting from a smaller installed base.

Currently researchers are developing a new type of geothermic energy plant that uses the undesired CO2 underground and use it as a tool to boost the generation of electric energy, reducing the negative impact that this gas presents.

Hydrogen is one of the most promising answers to create a value chain of sustainable energy; which is leading to establish storage and supplying infrastructure of fuel by compression; which has led to generate service stations that can supply hydrogen powered cars that feed in only three minutes, same time that requires a gasoline or diesel car. Searching for a better use of wind and maritime energy, business and researchers have bet to development of turbines with better conversion efficiency, these investigations lead to the use of superconductors with which energy generation will increase.

Another viable alternative to reduce the consumption of energetics is through the implementation of energetic efficiency projects taking as example companies that reduce their electric consumption, saving to 30% through the substitution of incandescent lights with LED lamps and the substitution towards super-efficient electro domestics, resulting in a total reduction of the consumption up to 40% for homes and businesses.

On the other hand, the tendency of researches realized around the biomass as source of energy, these are focusing on the production of electric energy through combustion of this resources, in which innovations in refractories materials are highlighted, new materials of heat exchange that support high temperatures and corrosion, auxiliary equipment with higher performance, ceramic filters, that allow a major efficiency of the processes for the use of biomass as source of energy.

Mexico as the sixth country with more biodiversity in the world, since it counts with a great number of natural resources that allow a huge potential to produce liquid bio-combustibles, solid bio-combustibles and biogas. The usage of the agro industrial residues for the production of bio-combustibles is an interesting and promising alternative, to mitigate the environment impact. Because of the existing culture in our country related to the cultivation of agave, technological alternatives can be thought, that allow revaluing the remnants coming from the production of tequila and mescal to the production of biogas. In this sense, the extracted oil from the African palm contains a high number of free fat acids, which make it an excellent raw material for the production of biodiesel. Another kind of bio-combustible obtained with this kind of resources is biodiesel that can be extracted from plants such as the sugar cane, sweet sorghum, jatropha and yucca palm.

According with the information of the Comisión Reguladora de Energía (Commission for the regulation of energy –in Spanish-) and the Comisión Federal de Electricidad (Federal Commission of Electricity –in Spanish-), until 2013 Mexico counted with a great installed capacity for the generation of electrical energy of 64,690 MW, from which 14,981 MW came from renewable energies (wind, sun, hydraulic, geothermal and biomass), which represents 23% of the total installed capacity.

Mexico counts with a privileged position, as one of the 5 countries with more reception in a day of sun irradiation, as well as exploitable deposits for geothermal energy, a variant weather that provides excellent wind resources, particularly on its coasts, a great extension of maritime territory and the vast production of biomass of the agricultural and husbandry industries. All these make it a good candidate to satisfy a great part of its energetic consumption, through the use of renewable energies and thanks to this it can mitigate the environment impact. This kind of opportunities promotes the technological, scientific and business development of the country.

Theme 7: Chemical Industry, Petroleum and shale Gas

Chemical industry is characterized as a sector, where operations started the development of basic commodities. These operations are completed with the manufacture of products, which are usually used as raw materials for other industries or final consumption. The chemical industry plays a key role in modern economies. It is a key industry as it is present in all areas of life, such as food, clothing, housing, communications, transportation, recreation, education, household products, etc. It also plays a decisive role in the development of other industry sectors such as environmental, energy, information technology, etc. This industry caters to more than 40 industries and demand goods and services from more than 30 of them; is integrated into raw materials and is a highly concentrated industry, companies involved in it are large and very competitive and has been of great importance for the country because this is where many mines where various important undermine them for the industry are extracted exploited in addition to the petrochemical industry and all products derived from it. The participation of the industry in the gross domestic product showed, in 2013 an increase of 1.4 as percentage of GDP, the share accounted Chemical Industry in the same year on the percentage that contributes to the manufacturing industry was 8.7 percent. Although participation in the national GDP of this industry has not been very large, the volume of production showed a significant increase in production of 669 million tons, ie an increase 2.9% may presented in 2012. The fundamental problems of the chemical industry and main engines of innovation and the constant search for new technologies and products are environmental sustainability, health and safety and, as in all economic activities, the search for yield and profits, taking this into Mexico has within it is making an effort to access higher levels of technological content, start looking for radical innovations; for it is necessary to have more infrastructure and not just a department of research and development (R & D).

Oil The oil industry is responsible for the exploitation of oil, i.e., extraction, transportation and refining of these process petroleum, hydrocarbons are obtained, like gasoline, kerosene gas and lubricating oil. The oil industry began in our country in 1904, when the first commercial discovery was made in the well The Pez-1, San Luis Potosí, with a production of 1,500 barrels of oil per day, at a depth of 503 meters. Currently, Mexico is the sixth-largest oil producer in the world and tenth in terms of export. The oil sector is crucial to the economy of Mexico, the oil revenues constitute more than 10% of exports. By 2030, according to the Ministry of Energy, fossil fuels account for 80 percent of global energy supply also that investment in development and adaptation of new technologies is fundamental to build the future of the oil industry in Mexico element . These trends imply a challenge to continue supplying oil, gas and coal to the global economy. We can then list the challenges facing the national oil industry:

• Convert our prospective resources into proven reserves.
• Raise reserve replacement rate.
• Increase our oil production.
• Intensify exploration efforts and implement new technologies.
• Increase the operational capacity of Petróleos Mexicanos.
• Reducing our dependence on foreign refined.
• Reduce gas flaring and venting.
• Encourage greater participation of domestic suppliers in the value chain hydrocarbons.

Shale Gas Shale gas are geological rock formations very low permeability, ie, where the hydrocarbons are trapped in the rock and not flow. Hydrocarbons, both natural gas and oil, are released through a process called "hydraulic fractionation" (hydraulic fracking) that increases the permeability of the shale. The production process is as follows: once drilled a well at a depth of 2,000 to 2,500 meters, an electric shock that temporarily expands the rock where the oil is. This significantly increases its permeability. Then a special solution that temporarily keeps channels open to flow the hydrocarbons to the surface to produce injected. Shale gas is considered as one of the new sources of cheap energy. Mexico has the potential to join this new revolution and use it. However, we must not ignore that, as in any industry, there are risks that must be considered. The Mexican state should raise an effective regulatory framework if you want to convert this resource into a source of welfare and growth So far, Mexico has only drilled two wells, one of which is already producing unconventional gas or shale gas, after its first performance in February this year. The well produces 2.9 million cubic feet per day (cfd). Technology is one of the keys to the development of shale gas in Latin America elements. Access to technology and knowledge needed to extract the gas cost effectively is a critical need for the region. Some experts have pointed out that, as the shale gas revolution is so new and significant phenomenon for the region, it is possible that Latin America can skip much of the learning curve.

Theme 8: Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials

The world counts today with big challenges and needs that are responsibilities of the new generations to solve. Because of that, in recent years new lines of investigation have emerged to solve these problematics. The Nanotechnology and the advanced material are some of the new scientific topics that have been studied in recent years. Trying to define these sciences is controversial in the scientific world. However, the advanced materials can be referred as those materials that represents an advance among traditional materials that has been utilized for centuries or even thousands of years. Meanwhile the nanoscience or nanotechnology is the science that involves the investigation and discovery of new characteristics and properties of materials at Nano scale, with a range between 1 to 100 nm. The application of these sciences is varied among the investigation fields. For example, in the I.T. Industry, these materials have been used in the fabrication of RAM memories, Nano electronic based on carbon nanotubes, super lens and LCD monitors. In Biotechnology the detection of bacteria through bio conjugate nanoparticles is a great advance thanks to this kind of materials, besides new materials have been integrated to photosystems for solar energy conversion. The pharmaceutical industry also has incorporate these new technologies in its procedures such as Nano diagnostic through quantum dots, therapies through active principle transporting nanoparticles in a targeted manner, electroactive polymers for their use as artificial muscles, antigen sensors, among others. In general most of these knowledge areas have been benefited for the development of advanced materials and Nanotechnology. In México, the interest for develop Nanotechnology and advanced materials born in 2001 in the Science and Technology Special Program. The rise that has taken the development of these materials is based in the versatility thereof and the incorporation of nanoscale components in emergent technologies such as advanced manufacturing make of them an important element in the technological development. The next years, and until 2020 are critical. The expectations of big economic and social impacts that the Nanotechnology and the advanced materials can bring can only be noticed through an integrated strategy that is part of the growing in business and economy. Achieve such impact requires a full restructuration in the social and legal network under which the production, markets, users, consumers and the environment can interact. The inversion in Nanotechnology and advanced materials in first world countries is in the order of thousands of millions, which indicates that the bet on the world market is a great opportunity. Some of these countries counts with national initiatives of specific investigation in this kind of technologies. México, which is characterized for being a country of opportunities has to compete efficiently with developed countries. The establishment of research programs in these areas has been grown in the last years, and the country counts with many research centers specialized in nanotechnology and advanced materials, which positions the country as a good competitor in the scientific context. Based on these we can concluded that Nanotechnology and the Advanced Materials are topics of global interest and they will be utilized for the generation and improvement of products in areas such as medicine, Aerospatiale, environmental, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, etc. We are in a new age where the development of new materials is vital, and this has been understood at global level and efforts have been added to achieve the goals. So welcome to the new age, where less is more.

Theme 9: Emerging Technologies, Technological Development and Innovation

With the time, society manipulate higher levels of information, science evolving rapidly and its notorious that the dynamism with which knowledge is generated difficult that it can be absorbed quickly enough by the organizations, hindering the process of adaptation to new scenarios presented to them. Since this perspective, technological innovations suggest a redefinition of process and innovative developments in companies; this requires that the companies proposed challenges and changes in their approaches requiring a substantial increase in research and development of new technologies. For modern technologies and the new technologies or emerging technologies as some authors call, are the alternative to the different organizations to suit their processes to implement improvements and innovations in products and/or services. The emerging technologies are defined as “scientific innovations that can create a new industry or transform an existing one. Include discontinue technologies derived from radical innovations, as well as advanced technologies formed as a result of the convergence of branches of research before separated. Each of these technologies offers a rich range of market opportunities that provided the incentive to make risky investments. Emerging technologies are those that are in the initial phase of the life cycle of technology; it’s born when emerging innovative proposals for the processes development, different abilities or applications that change the conceptions already established in the market and they are able to modify industries already constituted and entrenched techniques. Such technologies can result of the interaction of previously separate investigations branches (e.g. the biogas and connectomics); is can be individual, like the case of optical fiber, or converging technologies groups to create a technology system, like the internet. In virtually any area can be found examples of emerging technologies that transformed an entire industry: robotics in the manufacture of automobiles or cellular in the communications. According the World Economic Forum, the vehicles that don’t emit pollutants; new generation robots that copy the human brain y and the recyclable plastics, the techniques of genetic engineering that raise crop yields; manufacture whit active that they can range from an organic printing to smart clothing and machines with artificial intelligence. The new manufacturing system, since production and distribution takes as basic tool the internet, flying drones or robots, chips that mimic neural connections in the human brain and digital genome. These are the principal emerging technologies that presented grater progress and have great potential for positive change globally. Mexico is one of the most interesting markets in emerging technologies, for its number of entrepreneurs in emerging areas of information technology, biotechnology and generation of removable technologies. Mexico still doesn’t take advantage of these opportunities, so it has three mean areas to focus for achieve a higher level in technology innovation:

1. Internet connection available to the entire population.
2. Impulse the small companies to involve innovative technologies.
3. Impulse the creation of new businesses, to drive innovation in México.

For the development of technology Mexico has the National Development Plan, which identifies five strategies for strengthening the scientific and technological infrastructure of the country:

1. Contribute to the national inversion in scientific investigation and technology development grows up annually and scopes a level of one percent of GDP.
2. Contribute to the formation and strengthening high-level human capital.
3. Boost development of vocations and scientific capabilities, technologies and local innovations, for strengthen sustainable and inclusive regional development.
4. Contribute to the transfer and exploitation of know logy , by linking the institutions of higher education, research centers, whit public, social and private sectors.
5. Contribute to the strengthening of scientific and technological infrastructure of the country.

Emerging technology have gained progressively a space within the investigation and technology transfer, recognizing their distinctive features associated with a high degree of uncertainty, the little information on them, and their undeniable impact on industrial development, of manner that the investigation in the management of these technologies it has focus on relevant applications for the industry like the nanotechnology and communications, and also in related aspects with the welfare like biotechnologies applications in health.

Theme 9: Primary Activities (Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Aquaculture, Fishing and Mining)

Primary Activities, include tasks that can be characterized by the use of natural resources such as: Ground, water, vegetation and wildlife. This activities are the ones related to the agriculture, forestall exploitation, mining, livestock, hunting and fishing, with the final goal of obtain basic products for human use or raw materials for the industry.

This economic activities are quite simple and have an extra value as consequence of that simplicity in their production process. One of their main features is the proximity to the natural resources source: the agriculture, livestock, mining, fishing and hunting take are performed in the same place where the resources are obtained.

Practically all food production is originated in this sector, in a way that the sector offer (inner and outer) is fundamental in food security, living cost and real income of the whole population. The agricultural products are in the base of a wide number of commercial and industrial activities. If the agro industrial production is taken in count, the sectorial contribution to the GDP raises almost twice, surpassing the 9%.

The agriculture provides job to 13% of the workforce, which represents 3.3 million of farmers and 4.6 million of employees and relatives unpaid. Of even more relevance is the fact that approximately 24% of the total population lives at rural zones. In México the agriculture is increasingly modern and is more integrated with the rest of the economy, for buy more intermediate inputs and sell its products as intermediate inputs in other sectors.

The primary sector in México, besides being strategic for the goods that provides to the economy and the Mexican society, contributes with 10% of the national GDP. However, the sector dynamic is far from exploiting the potential of its commodities and being connected for its operations with others sectors of the economy.

México have a national territory of 198 million of hectares of which 145 million are dedicated to farming. Near 30 million of hectares are farmland and 115 million are rangeland. Besides, the woods and jungles cover 45.5 million of hectares.

Since the expedition of the Scientific and Technologic law in 2002 México sets the goal that the inversion in technologic and scientific activities of the country reaches 1% of the GDP. In México is evident the increase in the formation of human resources for the investigation in the food sector. Among 2000-2010 1457 doctors graduated in agricultural sciences. This is an important number, if we take in count that in 2010 the graduated school had 222 national investigators and the INIFAP with 169. There has be certain response, because the number of members of the National System of researchers in the area “Biotechnology and Agricultural Sciences” is one that had a stronger growth passing from 700 in 2000 to 1866 in 2010.

In relation with the results of this system of investigation, in the last decade, the Mexican Scientific Production related to publish articles in indexed international magazines has grown steadily. In the case of agricultural research, we have the same tendency with 180 published in 2002 to 385 in 2009. Meanwhile the publications related to “animals and plants” grown from 662 in 2002 to 1,470 in 2009. This quantitative progress hasn’t been accompanied of qualitative progress, because the citations to this articles have been declining during the same period for both areas.

Theme 10: Creative Industries

Taking advantage of the available technology, various artists have created new concepts of creative appraisal. Technology has provided new tools of expression for artists throughout history. Two disciplines that seem so distant, are now widely related, being technology a major force in the development and evolution of art. Scientists, computer software programmers, inventors, entrepreneurs, as well as musicians, visual artists, filmmakers and designers are involved creating new human experiences. Digital developments in mobile phones, audiovisual content for animation or video games are areas of opportunity, coupled with increased access to software with higher capacities, will allow to raise the competitiveness of the Mexican creative industry. Indeed, projects are being developed to allow more access to the technology to multimedia content producers and give more impetus to the creative industries. Traditionally, artists came to the gallery with their works and the gallery decided whether the material was good enough to be exposed. Today, they go to the Internet to exhibit and sell their work. Artists use social media as a powerful tool to change the relationship between the collectors and the public, identifying successfully to people seeking specific pieces of art. Mexico is known for its great artists and artisans who embody the cultural diversity and the Mexican folklore, the creative richness of our people, our ancestors, our colors on pieces of Talavera, glass, clay and other materials. Currently, our country is positioning itself as a global leader in creative production, because of that, it is being worked on promoting the development of the film industry, television, video games, animation and also to promote the culture and traditions of the country. Natural beauty and scenic variety make Mexico the tenth tourist destination worldwide and an optimal site for film locations. It is positioned as the destination with the greatest competitive advantage for the development of software, video games, web and multimedia, compared with 102 countries, considering the main variables of competitiveness: logistics costs, labor, transportation costs and net sales, among other factors. Mexico has a young and highly skilled workforce, which encourage technological innovation every day. In our country, about 125 thousand students graduate annually in the areas of engineering, technology and humanities, who adopt English as a second language. They consolidate the Mexican creative industry in the development of a variety of fields and promote creative and productive identity of Mexico in the world. Mexico has adopted the new technology to their advantage, many artisans market their products worldwide through the Internet and social networks, many artists have been able to show their work in digital publications across the world, designers and visual artists have taken advantage of electronic media to promote their talent. It is precisely the talent of the people and the country's qualities, which make strong to Mexico in the new development of creativity, art and technology.

Entrepreneurship

Funds and Funding for Innovation

Intellectual and Industrial Property

Intellectual property is a constant element of the reality around us. Every product or service that we use in our daily lives is the result of a long chain of innovations, large and small, such as improvements that make a product has the appearance it has today or work the way it does. Intellectual property rights are the result of human creativity, in turn intellectual property is divided into copyright and industrial property; Through the Copyright protect all that are artistic and literary works, that is, anything that has to do with trade and science. In industrial property, patents, industrial designs, trademarks, trade names, commercial advertisements are protected, that is everything that serves to strengthen their business competitiveness. In the case of scientific and technological inventions, which is subject to protection, technological product, for example a machine, a process or formulation. Considering the above, Innovation Match MX, together with the Secretaría de Innovación, Ciencia y Tecnología de Jalisco, have joined forces to create a space designed to propose and discuss ideas that contribute to innovation, highlighting the benefits the intellectual property system for both knowledge creation to management to create value. The aim is to encourage, guide and link businesses, academia and the rest of the productive sector and society to protect their inventions through patents, utility models, industrial designs, Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), copyrights (limited to software), and any other form force in protection of technological research results are concerned.

Ageing and Health: Neurodegenerative Diseases

Innovation in Biotechnology

Modern biotechnology is composed of a variety of techniques derived from research in molecular and cell biology, which can be used in any industry that uses microorganisms or plant and animal cells. This technology enables the transformation of agriculture. It is also important for other carbon based industries such as energy, chemicals and pharmaceuticals and residue/waste management. It has enormous potential impact, because the giological science research is making progress and results not only affect amplitude sectors but also facilitate links between them. For example, successful results in fermentation of agricultural waste could affect both the economy of the energy sector such as agribusiness and additionally have a favorable environmental effect. A more accurate and specific definition of "modern" biotechnology is "the commercial application of living organisms or their products, which involves the deliberate manipulation of DNA molecules." This definition implies a series of developments in laboratory techniques that in recent decades have been responsible for the tremendous scientific and commercial interest in biotechnology, creating new businesses and refocusing research and investment in established companies and Universities. In the late 70's, the world began to consider that technological change would cause biotechnology to have large impacts on multiple industries and offered development opportunities and very interesting participation for developing countries. Mexico followed this trend, and from the 80's initiated a wide range of biotechnology-related activities, since it was expected that the biotechnological products and new generation processes could allow the country to advance in many industrial sectors and above all that it could be a major player in terms of their development and future direction. Today, biotechnology applications have gained increasing economic importance, especially in the agricultural sector. The countries involved are important producers of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) and some are among the main exporters of these crops in the international market. Some block countries increased their ability to use resources of modern biotechnology in improving their industrial inputs. Medical biotechnology is growing due to the production of new drugs, diagnostic methods and therapies, and new subjects such as stem cells, and have biotechnology in the center of interest. The efforts to apply biotechnology in the use of regional biological diversity are also increased. Considering the above Innovation MX Match has decided to bring together experts in this area, to analyze the picture that can be taken into account in the development of innovation in biotechnology. This workshop is intended to carry out a discussion panel, where several experts in the field, will be speaking out their ideas, giving their point of view to the audience and giving proposals that could improve innovation policies in Mexico.

Innovation in the Automotive and Aerospace sectors

In the last decade, Mexico has identified industrial strategies to the economic growth and the development of the country. To the already automotive and electric-electronic consolidated industries is added the aerospace industry and medical devices, known as advanced manufacture. The successful experience in Mexico in the automotive and electronic areas, have set the bases to make sure the success in the Aerospace area entrance. Industries as Lockheed Martin, Bombardier, Honeywell and General electric have already presence in our country. It exists also companies with AS9000 and NADCAP CERTIFICATIONS. It should be added that Mexico has a strategic geographic location to support this industry. Mexico is the ninth producer of cars in the world and the first supplier of auto parts in the North America United States market. Companies as General Motors, Ford, Toyota, Nissan, Volkswagen and Honda established manufacturing and assembly plants in our country due to the high production capacity, the quality in labor and the favorable conditions in the work environment. Yucatán, due to the qualified labor for the different production process, is also the platform of successful transnational companies in the aerospace sector with the highest standards and international certificates as AS9000 and Nadcap. Some of the specialized techniques in the industry are the polishing of sustenancesurfaces and operations of level “Tier level” as X Ray, Eddy Current, Chemicals, Penetrating Liquids, Magnetic Particles and Ultrasound, among others. Within the automotive industry and aerospace it has emerged a virtuous circle in where different educative, business and governmental organizations have promote the creation of new subjects and careers which allow a connection between academy and employment field. This workshop aims to implement a discussion panel where some experts will expose proposals to help in the improvement and development of innovation politics in Mexico.

Strategies and Innovation Policies in Mexico

Nowadays the innovation appears in the necessity of present activities that help in the common activities in life, to be applied in the search, approach and generation of new concepts and different projects in different application fields and distinct socioeconomic projects, giving as result a dynamic phenomenon that is characterized by a constant change. This take us to the generation of new technologic ideas that can substitute or complement the already existent. The innovation is highly important since it offers “the ability to the national economy of produce goods and services that overcome the international market tests, and at the same time the citizens can have a life standard growing and sustainable in a large period time” (Wad 1996). Nowadays the strategies and politics of the innovation in Mexico should consider the public politics, tendencies, people transcendence as well as the governability and measure of the innovation. It is well known those subjects are highly important to take government decisions, the company, other productive organizations as well as education institutions, mainly because of the relevance the innovation has and will still have in the human resource. The strategy that Mexico has taken to the coordination, formulation and execution of the innovation politics was the creation of a specialized organization which promotes the formation of high level human resources and the support of scientific projects in investigation as well as the spread of scientific and technology information. This organization is always at the forefront, supporting different national and international innovation politics, per example: support in the technology transference, promoting the connection with technology suppliers, taking in consideration features as technology innovation, size and magnitude of the resources, among other things. Taking in consideration the already mentioned, Innovation Match MX has decided get together the experts in this area, to analyze the situation of some strategies and politics that can be considered to the development in innovation of Mexico. This workshop aims to have a panel discussion where some experts in the area will expose their ideas giving their own opinion and proposals to the public to improve innovation in Mexico.